In May, what are the management points in the walnut planting process? A good management plan is to lay the foundation for the high yield of walnuts. The following small series will take you to learn the key points of walnut cultivation management in May! I. Soil and fertilizer management 1. Soil management (1) Tree management In order to promote the growth and development of walnut saplings, after planting, the tree stalks are loosened, weeded or covered. 1 Tree tray farming generally in the early spring or late autumn deep tree tray, the scope of which is the same as the crown, the method is to use a planer or shovel to deep turn, the depth is 20 ~ 30 cm. 2 Tree-covered grass orchard covering grass is a water-saving and water-saving measure that can be carried out all year round, but it is better in summer (May). The mountain walnut garden can cover weeds, leaves, crop straws, etc. on the tree tray. When covering the grass, it should be noted that the fresh cover is preferably used after the initial decay of the rainy season. After the grass is covered, many pests inhabit the grass, and attention should be paid to spraying the grass to concentrate the trapping effect. In autumn, the leaves and diseased branches under the tree should be cleaned to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as early defoliation, leaf miner and walnut anthracnose. In addition, many plain areas have improved the orchard grass-covering technology, that is, the tree-pan (tree shrub) covering grass that is covered with summer grass and autumn, which is carried out in May every year. The amount of grass per mu is about 1500 kg, and the thickness is kept at 5 About a centimeter, until the autumn Shi base fertilizer, turn underground. (2) Tree management 1 During the growth of the tree line, the ploughing orchard is ploughed 2 to 3 times in the tree with animal power or machinery, and the depth is 15-20 cm. 2 The weeding garden can be combined with the management of intercropping crops. Non-intercropping walnut gardens can be used 3-4 times a year according to the occurrence of weeds, in accordance with the principles of weeding, small removal, and removal, using artificial or mechanical weeding. The straw covered after the crop is harvested can also effectively inhibit the growth of weeds and help the soil to moisturize. (3) Reasonable questioning Summer and autumn management should fully reserve the walnut ventilation belt according to the intercropping situation, solve the contradiction between the water and fertilizer management of the walnut tree and the crop, and choose the one-year dwarf crop or medicinal material with high economic benefit without affecting the normal growth result of the walnut tree. Crop intercropping to increase the early benefits of walnut young gardens. 2, fertilization (1) Topdressing After topdressing and applying soil, it can exert fertilizer effect in a short time. The newly planted and early-stage walnut trees are applied when the new shoots are 15 cm long. Generally, 100 g of urea and 50 g of compound fertilizer are applied. The mature walnut tree was applied twice. The first top dressing, the early real walnuts were carried out before flowering; the late real walnuts were carried out at the beginning of the leaf. The fertilizers used are mainly available nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea. The second top dressing, the early walnuts were carried out in the middle of June in the fruit development, and the late real walnuts were carried out in the middle of June. The fertilizer used is mainly compound fertilizer, such as NPK compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate. (2) Foliar spray fertilizer During the growth period of the walnut, the urea 300 times solution is sprayed once every 15 days, which has the effect of promoting the growth of new shoots and increasing the greening and thickening of the leaves. Top dressing and foliar spray can be carried out simultaneously or alternately. 3. Water management During the summer of May-June, the general temperature is high and low, and during this period, the rapid growth and flowering of the walnut tree and the stage of fruit development require a large amount of water, which should be supplemented by irrigation. The period and number of irrigations are determined according to the weather conditions, the amount of soil water content, and the growth status of walnut trees. The method of irrigation should also be carried out according to the local water source conditions and equipment conditions, such as watering, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and so on. Tests have shown that 1-3 times of water in the summer drought is essential for the growth and development of walnuts. After the flowering of the walnut and before the flower bud differentiation, that is, around June, after the female flower is fertilized, the fruit enters the long-term growth period, and the growth amount accounts for about 80% of the annual growth. By the end of June, the female flower buds began to differentiate. During this period, a large amount of nutrients and water supply were needed, and the water should be irrigated once to ensure the nucleus was full. In June, the walnut has a large amount of water supply during the hard core period. Generally, it is required to irrigate one or two times a month during the dry season in summer, and the young trees are more irrigated. In the late summer and early autumn of Shiyan City, the rainwater is concentrated, and the drainage system of the walnut garden should be unblocked, and the surface water should be removed in time. Because the walnut tree is sensitive to the ground water and groundwater level, the water raft has an effect on the normal physiological activities of the walnut tree. It shows that the air permeability in the soil is poor, causing the roots to be deprived of oxygen, which hinders the absorption of water and mineral nutrients. If the water is too long, the leaves will turn yellow. When the oxygen is severe, the roots will undergo anaerobic respiration and even cause root death. If the groundwater level is too high, it will hinder the roots from extending downward. Therefore, in areas where water accumulation and groundwater level are too high, attention should be paid to drainage work, mainly by digging drainage ditch, mechanical drainage can also be used for temporary localized water, and the water level should be dug 1.5 m deep drainage ditch or When the land is being built, Taitian will be lowered to lower the water level. Second, young fruit management Early-earning walnut is mainly based on lateral flower buds, and the amount of female flowers is large. After the fruit-bearing period, in order to ensure the relative balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree, to maintain high yield and stable yield, excessive young fruit must be removed. The fruit thinning time is after the physiological fruit drop, generally 20 to 30 days after the female flower is fertilized, that is, when the young fruit is 1 to 1_5 cm, the fruit is suitable. The amount of fruit thinning should be determined according to the tree condition and cultivation conditions. Generally, 60 to 100 fruits per square meter of crown projection area are suitable. The method of fruit thinning is to first remove the young fruit on the weak tree or the weak branch, or cut it together with the weak branch; when there are more than 3 young fruit in each inflorescence, depending on the strength of the result branch, it can be retained 2~3 The position of the fruit set should be evenly distributed in the crown, and the sulcus can be sparse. It should be noted that the fruit thinning is limited to early walnut varieties with high fruit setting. Third, summer pruning The contents of summer pruning are mainly saplings, tree pruning in the first fruit period. Methods include topping, short cutting, thinning, pulling branches and so on. 1, topping In the summer, the secondary branches that are selected, such as excessive growth, can be topped when the secondary branches are not lignified, and the branches are promoted to cultivate the resulting branches. For example, if one result branch only produces one secondary branch, and the growth potential is strong, it will be short-cut in spring or summer, promote branching, and cultivate into the resulting branch group. The short-cut strength is moderate and mild. . For example, the fragrant walnut trees grow vigorously, and the summer pruning is mainly based on topping. When the length of the new shoots exceeds 30 cm in May, the first topping is carried out. The length of the branches is up to 30 cm; when the growth of the secondary branches exceeds 30 cm. At the same time, the heart is picked up once again; when it is picked up in July, the technical requirements are the same as above. In this way, one branch can form one result branch group in the same year, that is to say, one branch can form several times of top buds in the current year, thereby increasing the yield. Supporting measures, starting from the first topping, spraying 300 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 15 days, can also be combined with pest control until the end of the leaves. After July, the application of nitrogen fertilizer will be stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will be added. Water will not be watered until August until the leaves, so as to inhibit the rapid growth of new shoots and promote the filling of the branches. 2, short cut Short and unpicked developmental branches can effectively increase branching and accelerate the process of shaping or the result of the branching process. However, the number of short new shoots should not be too large, and the parts should be staggered from each other, otherwise the branches may overlap. 3, thinning (1) Long branches When the growth of the long branches is unreasonable and the growth potential is inferior to the adjacent main branches and side branches in the same direction, it should be removed from the base, or it can be properly preserved according to its space, and the result branches can be cultivated by short-cut and summer picking. (2) Elimination of dense branches The early solid walnut branches are large, which tends to cause many litchi in the canopy, and the density is too large, which is not conducive to ventilation and light transmission. In this regard, in accordance with the principle of weakening and staying strong, timely removal of dense branches. The method of thinning branches is to cut off the base of the stick, and the pile cannot be left to promote wound healing. (3) Eliminate the pests and branches. 4, release It is advisable to not pick the heart or cut the tip of the tip of the new growth tip. The lighter the pruning, the more branches are formed and the fewer the number of secondary branches. 5, pull the branch Pull the branches in time, open the opening angle of the walnut backbone, make full use of the canopy space, promote the flowering, and improve the fruit setting rate. For example, if the fragrant variety is high, the branches are erect, and the branches should be pulled. The branching time is from May to June. At this time, the branches are soft and easy to form, and the branches are effective in the same year. The main branches are the main tree and the early fruit stage. The trees in the fruiting stage are properly pulled, the single tree is pulled upright or the branches are small, the branches are biased, the branches can be filled, and the weak branches can be pulled back. High angles allow it to grow normally, and trees that are angled open and flat branches do not need to be pulled. When pulling the branches, combine the lychee, take the branches, soften the branches to shape, then pull the branches or slings, hang the bottles, hang the bricks and press the branches, change the angle of the branches, and place the branches in a suitable position. When the main branch is pulled, the rope is twisted in the middle of the branches, showing 60 to 70. The corners are opened; the auxiliary branches are flattened at an angle of 80-90 degrees. The branches should be opened at the base angle and the tip should be slightly higher. There should be no "bow shape" of "low base, short head, and waist bow". The branches are easy to run on the back of the bow, and the effect is not expected. After the branches are pulled, they should be evenly distributed around the crown of the tree. After the branches are pressed for 50-60 days, they are basically shaped. At this time, the drawstring can be released or the bottles, bags, bricks, etc. can be removed. Fourth, pest control 1, walnut rot disease Walnut rot disease, also known as "blackwater disease", is a fungal disease. The rate of diseased plants in walnut gardens can reach 50%. If the damage is serious, the diseased plant rate exceeds 80%. The disease is mainly caused by branches, stems and bark, which leads to a decline in the ability of walnut branches to dry and firm, and even the whole plant to die. Control methods: 1 Strengthening cultivation management For walnut gardens with poor soil structure and thin soil, soil should be improved first and organic fertilizer should be increased to enhance tree potential and improve disease resistance. 2 During the proper pruning, the drooping branches and weak branches are removed to restore the tree potential, and the sawing mouth is disinfected with 1% copper sulfate or 5 bume sulphur mixture. 3 scraping the lesions in the growing season, the lesions can be cured at any time, the scope of the treatment can be controlled to 1 cm larger than the lesions of the discolored tissue, slightly scrape a little good skin, the bark is not rotten, only The upper layer of skin should be scraped off. The lesion should reach the xylem of the xylem. After scraping, apply 10% anti-mycin WP 10 times, apply it twice, disinfect and sterilize, and scrape the skin to destroy it. 2, walnut limb moth The walnut genus Moth is a Lepidoptera. In the larvae, the walnut fruit inside (the total cockroach), the vertical and horizontal wear and tear, the damaged walnut, the skin is black, and began to sag, walnut kernel (cotyledon) dysplasia, performance shrinking and black, it is called "walnut black" . Some larvae invade the hard shell early for food, causing the walnut kernel to dry. Some of the vascular bundles between the fruit stalks cause early fruit drop, which seriously affects the yield of walnuts. Control method: 1 crown spray to master the adult spawning period and larvae initial incubation period, spray 10 times matrine, 2.5% deltamethrin EC 3000 times solution, 20% pyrethroid every 10 to 15 days The emulsified milk 3000 times liquid, etc., was sprayed 3 times in total, and the larva was eliminated before the capsule, and the effect was good. 2 Before the emergence of adult insects on the ground or the emergence of individual adults, spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 300-500 times on the ground around the trunk, 0.5 kg per acre, to kill the adult. Applying 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 4% enemy horse powder under the canopy of the larvae can also get good results. 3 Remove the tree that is lightly damaged by the victim, and remove the blackened fruit in time before the larva is removed, which can reduce the density of the next generation. 3, the moth pests The pests of the moths in the walnut garden mainly include the yellow-thorned moth, the black-browed moth, the longitudinally-balled moth, and the jujube moth, all of which belong to the Lepidoptera. The larvae can eat the leaves into many holes, nicks or only the petiole and main veins, which seriously affect the tree potential and fruit yield. 1 Light traps most of the adult moths have strong phototaxis, can be trapped in the adult feathering period from 19:00-21:00. 2 chemical control of the young larvae of the moth is sensitive to the agent, the general contact agent can be effective, and the intended drug rotation. 4, cloud spotted beetle The Cerambycidae is a Coleoptera. The larvae feed on the cortex and phloem under the bark of the walnut branches, and then gradually penetrate into the xylem to form a thick longitudinal or oblique tunnel to destroy the transported tissue; after the trunk is killed, black water flows out (the feces and wood chips are discharged from the pupil). The trunk is hollowed out and the whole tree is weakened or dead. The adult eats the new shoots and tenders, and the new shoots die. The larvae feed on the phloem and then drill into the xylem, which is easily folded by the wind. Seriously damaged trees can be pruned and the whole plant is dead. Control methods: 1 It is best not to plant mulberry trees in or near the mulberry tree garden to reduce the source of insects. 2 Physical control utilizes the characteristics of adult phototaxis, lack of flying, slow movement, and sound after being shocked. In the period of May-June, the adult catches the adult in time and eliminates it before laying eggs. 3 chemical anti-adults adult stage combined with prevention and control of other pests, spraying a long-lasting contact agent, such as 2.5% cyhalothrin EC 2000-3000 times liquid, 10% beta-cypermethrin EC 1000-2000 times liquid. The branches should be sprayed. 4 Poisonous larvae For larvae that break into the xylem, the liquid can be injected from the fresh septic hole, such as matrine, chlorpyrifos, malathion, etc., and then sealed with wet mud, the insecticidal effect is very good. The above is the main point of management of walnuts in May, Xiaobian suggested that farmers who planted walnut trees are seriously studying and learning! Ventilation is one of the most important components in a successful greenhouse. Greenhouse Circulation Fan,Greenhouse Ventilation Fan,Automated Greenhouse Ventilation Fan JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.spgreenhouse.com
If there is no proper ventilation, greenhouses and their growing plants can become prone to problems. The main purposes of ventilation are to regulate the temperature and humidity to the optimal level, and to ensure movement of air and thus prevent build-up of plant pathogens (such as Botrytis cinerea) that prefer still air conditions. Ventilation also ensures a supply of fresh air for photosynthesis and plant respiration, and may enable important pollinators to access the greenhouse crop.